Dogs of Turkey

Turkey has a rich history of dog breeding, particularly with livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) adapted to the country's diverse terrain and climate. These breeds are generally large, powerful, and independent, bred to protect flocks from predators like wolves and bears. While some are recognized internationally, others are primarily known within Turkey. While the Kangal is the most internationally known, the Akbash, Karabash and Malakli are also distinct and important breeds. Understanding the differences between these breeds, and recognizing their specific needs, is crucial for responsible ownership and preservation.

Turkish LGDs are guardians, not herders. They protect flocks from predators, rather than moving them. These are working breeds with strong protective instincts. They require experienced owners, extensive socialization, and a suitable environment (large, securely fenced area). They are not recommended for those living in apartments.

Anatolian Shepherd Dog (Anadolu çoban köpegi) is a controversial term, as it's often used as an umbrella term for all Turkish LGDs, particularly outside of Turkey. Turkish breeders and enthusiasts strongly distinguish between the specific breeds (Kangal, Akbash, Karabash, Malakli, etc). The AKC (American Kennel Club) recognizes the "Anatolian Shepherd Dog", but this is essentially a mix of the various Turkish LGDs, not a distinct breed in the Turkish view. Using this term is generally not recommended when discussing Turkish breeds professionally.

• Kangal Dog (Kangal çoban köpegi) is arguably the most internationally recognized Turkish breed; often considered as the "national dog" of Turkey. Kangal is recognized by the UKC (United Kennel Club) and increasingly by other international organizations. They are large, powerful, with a distinctive curled tail. They have short and dense double coat, typically fawn with a black mask. They are protective, loyal, independent, and calm when their needs are met. Wary of strangers. Not aggressive without reason. They're originated from Sivas province.
• Akbash Dog (Akbas çoban köpegi) is a white-coated LGD, bred to blend in with flocks of sheep, providing camouflage from predators. "Akbas" in Turkish means "white head". Akbash, too, is recognized by the UKC. They are large, lean, and athletic. They have short to medium-length double coat. They are protective, independent, and aloof with strangers.
• Malakli Karabas (Aksaray Malaklisi) is the largest of the Turkish LGDs, and the least internationally known. They are very large and powerful dogs. They have distinctive loose skin around the head and neck (dewlaps). They have short to medium coat, usually fawn or brindle, often with a black mask. These dogs are highly protective and territorial, independent and strong-willed, hence requires experienced handling.
• Karabash Dog (Karabas), meaning means "black head" in turkish language, is an ancient breed native to Asia Minor. It's a large, noble, powerful and very loyal livestock guardian. Karabash has been bred to fight wolves and even an attacking bear. It is intelligent and easy to train, calm, steadfast and brave, but not aggressive.

• Kars Shepherd Dog is a livestock guardian breed that originated in the Kars region of northeastern Turkey. Their appearance is similar to the Kangal but with a longer coat. Their temperament is similar to other LGD breeds.
• Çatalburun (Turkish Pointer) is a rare hunting breed, notable for its distinctive "split nose" or "double nose". They are medium-sized, athletic, with a unique split or double nose. They have short coat, usually white with brown or liver markings. They are energetic, intelligent, and eager to please. They are not recognized by major international kennel clubs.
• Sultan's Dog (Sultani) has a graceful and elegant build and are bred for hunting, guarding, and companionship.