Assyrian civilization
Assyrian lands referred to the region on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia. The name derived from its original capital; ancient city of Ashur.
The Assyrians rose to power and prosperity around 12th century BC in Mesopotamia which today consists mainly of modern Iraq. Their Empire extended to some regions of modern Turkey and settled in different cities in Anatolia.
Assyrians played a major role in the foundation of the civilization of mankind. After the fall of the Assyrian and Babylonian empires respectively in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., the Assyrians were reduced to a small nation living at the mercy of their overlords in the vastly scattered lands in the Middle Eastern region and finally invaded by the Hurrians.
Assyrians were a Semitic people. They were mainly involved in farming, mining and forestry, with the largest standing army in the Middle East. They had two languages during their times: ancient Assyrian (known as Akkadian), and Modern Assyrian (or neo-syriac). They were advanced in science and mathematics and developed medical science.
The Assyrian Kings List
Early Period
A: "Kings who lived in tents"Tudiya
Adamu
Yangi
Kitlamu
Harharu
Mandaru
Imsu
Harsu
Didanu
Hanu
Zuabu
Nuabu
Abazu
Belu
Azarah
Zariqum - beginning of the Assyrian independence
Puzur-Ashur I
Shalim-Ahu
Ilu-Shuma - raids into southern Mesopotamia
Erishum I
B: During Akkadian Domination
Sargon I 2334-2279 - united Mesopotamia
(Sumer & Akkad)
Rimush 2278-2270 - conquers Elam
and Marhashi (Central Iran)
Manishtushu 2269-2255 - renovates
Temple of Ishtar
Naram-Sin 2254-2218
- arrogates god-like status to himself
Shar-Kali-Shari 2217-2193
- Akkadian kingship begins to weaken
Igigi 2192
Nanium
Imi
Elul-dan 2190
Dudu 2189-2169
Shu-Turul 2168-2154
- Akkadian empire collapses
C: Neo-Sumerian Domination
Ur-Nammu 2112-2095
- establishes the Third Dynasty of Ur
Shulgi 2094-2047
- extends father's empire to all of Assyria
Amar-Sin 2046-2038
Shu-Sin
2037-2029
Ibbi-Sin
2028-2004 - Amorites weaken Sumerian power
D: Assyrian kings during the Akkadian Domination
Ushpiya May have succeeded allowed king Azarah
Apiashal Ushpiya & Apiashal are also considered tent kings
E: "Kings who were ancestors"
Hale Chief of an Amorite tribe
Samanu
Hayani
Ilu-Mer
Yakmesi
Yakmeni
Yazkur-ilu
Ilu-Kabkabi
Aminu
F: Historic Period (written history)
Erishum II 1920-1900
Shamshi-Adad I 1813-1781
- unites all independent Assyrian city-states
Ishme-Dagan I 1780-1741
- contemporary with Hammurabi of Babylon
Ashur-Dugul
5 Unknown Rulers
Adasi
Several Minor Rulers
Erishum III
Shamshi-Adad II
Ishme-Dagan II
Shamshi-Adad III
Ashur-Nirari I
Puzur-Ashur III 1520
Enlil-Nasir I
Ashur-Nirari II
Ashur-Bel-Nisheshu
1417-1409
Ashur-Rim-Nisheshu
Ashur-Nadin-Ahhe II
Eriba-Adad I
Middle Period
Ashur-Uballit I 1363-1328 - gains Assyrian Independence from MittaniEnlil-Nirari 1327-1318
Arik-Den-Ili 1317-1306
Adad-Nirari I 1305-1274 - Mittani falls to Assyria
Shalmaneser I 1273-1244 - Urartu falls to Assyria
Tukulti-Ninurta I 1243-1207 - sacks Babylon, killed by his own son
Ashur-Nadin-Apli 1206-1203 - Assyrian power is weakened
Ashur-Nirari III 1202-1197
Enlil-Kudurri-Usur 1196-1191
Ninurta-Apal-Ekur 1191-1179
Ashur-Dan I 1178-1133 - Elam captures Babylonia
Ashur-Resha-Ishi I 1132-1115 - Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon captures Elam
Ninurta-Tukulti-Ashur 1115-1114
Mutakkil-Nusku 1115-1114
Tiglath-Pileser I 1114-1076 - in defending Assyria, defeats Nebuchadnezzar
Asharid-Pal-Ekur II - limited to Nineveh, Irbil, & Ashur province
Ashur-Bel-Kala 1076-1057
4 Unknown Rulers
Shamshi-Adad IV 1053-1049
5 Unknown Rulers for 39 years
Ashur-Rabi II 1010-970 - Isreal & Judah under David & Solomon
Ashur-Resh-Ishi II 969-967
Tiglath-Pilasar II 966-935
Ashur-Dan II 934-912
Late Period
Adad-Nirari II 911-891 - captures Babylonia, Anatolia, & Syrian plainTukulti-Ninurta II 890-884 - peace with Babylon, no tributes required
Ashurnasirpal II 883-859 - Assyrian empire reaches Mediterranean Sea
Shalmaneser III 858-824 - defeats Arameans, captures Babylon & Persia
Shamshi-Adad V 823-811
Shamiram 811-806 - ruler of Assyria while her son was a minor
Adad-Nirari III 806-783 - Assyrian rule weakens
Shalmaneser IV 782-773
Ashur-Dan III 772-755 - rebellions against Assyria
Ashur-Nirari V 754-745
Tiglath-Pileser III 744-727 - re-gains Assyrian might greater than before
Shalmaneser V 726-722 - captures Samaria, deports Isrealites
Sargon II 721-705 - captures Egypt, Urartu, Babylon; dies in a battle
Sennacherib 704-681 - fought rebellions, destroyed Babylon
Esarhaddon 680-669 - rebuilt Babylon, defeats Scyth, Cimm, & Egypt
Ashurbanipal 668-627 - defeats Egypt, Lydia, & Elam
Ashur-Etel-Ilani 627-624 - Babylonians attack Assyria
Sin-Shar-Ishkun 623-612 - Medes sack Nineveh
Ashur-Uballit II 612 ? - flees to Harran, supported by Egyptians